The Linux command is a utility of the Linux operating system. All basic and advanced tasks can be done by executing commands. The commands are executed on the Linux terminal. The terminal is a command-line interface vĩ đại interact with the system, which is similar vĩ đại the command prompt in the Windows OS. Commands in Linux are case-sensitive.
Linux provides a powerful command-line interface compared vĩ đại other operating systems such as Windows and MacOS. We can bởi basic work and advanced work through its terminal. We can bởi some basic tasks such as creating a tệp tin, deleting a tệp tin, moving a tệp tin, and more. In addition, we can also perform advanced tasks such as administrative tasks (including package installation, user management), networking tasks (ssh connection), security tasks, and many more.
Linux terminal is a user-friendly terminal as it provides various tư vấn options. To open the Linux terminal, press "CTRL + ALT + T" keys together, and execute a command by pressing the 'ENTER' key.
In this topic, we will discuss the top 50 most frequently used Linux commands with their examples. These commands are very useful for a beginner and professional both. We have divided these commands into following sections so sánh that you can easily identify their usage:
- Linux Directory Commands
- Linux File Commands
- Linux File Content Commands
- Linux User Commands
- Linux Filter Commands
- Linux Utility Commands
- Linux Networking Command
Linux Top 50 Commands
The following are the top 50 Linux commands:
Linux Directory Commands
1. pwd Command
The pwd command is used vĩ đại display the location of the current working directory.
Syntax:
Output:
2. mkdir Command
The mkdir command is used vĩ đại create a new directory under any directory.
Syntax:
Output:
3. rmdir Command
The rmdir command is used vĩ đại delete a directory.
Syntax:
Output:
4. ls Command
The ls command is used vĩ đại display a list of nội dung of a directory.
Syntax:
Output:
5. cd Command
The cd command is used vĩ đại change the current directory.
Syntax:
Output:
Linux File commands
6. touch Command
The touch command is used vĩ đại create empty files. We can create multiple empty files by executing it once.
Syntax:
Output:
7. cát Command
The cát command is a multi-purpose utility in the Linux system. It can be used vĩ đại create a tệp tin, display nội dung of the tệp tin, copy the nội dung of one tệp tin vĩ đại another tệp tin, and more.
Syntax:
To create a tệp tin, execute it as follows:
Press "CTRL+ D" keys vĩ đại save the tệp tin. To display the nội dung of the tệp tin, execute it as follows:
Output:
8. rm Command
The rm command is used vĩ đại remove a tệp tin.
Syntax:
rm
Output:
9. cp Command
The cp command is used vĩ đại copy a tệp tin or directory.
Syntax:
To copy in the same directory:
To copy in a different directory:
Output:
10. mv Command
The mv command is used vĩ đại move a tệp tin or a directory sườn one location vĩ đại another location.
Syntax:
Output:
11. rename Command
The rename command is used vĩ đại rename files. It is useful for renaming a large group of files.
Syntax:
For example, vĩ đại convert all the text files into pdf files, execute the below command:
Output:
Linux File Content Commands
12. head Command
The head command is used vĩ đại display the nội dung of a tệp tin. It displays the first 10 lines of a tệp tin.
Syntax:
Output:
13. tail Command
The tail command is similar vĩ đại the head command. The difference between both commands is that it displays the last ten lines of the tệp tin nội dung. It is useful for reading the error message.
Syntax:
Output:
14. tac Command
The tac command is the reverse of cát command, as its name specified. It displays the tệp tin nội dung in reverse order (from the last line).
Syntax:
Output:
15. more command
The more command is quite similar vĩ đại the cát command, as it is used vĩ đại display the tệp tin nội dung in the same way that the cát command does. The only difference between both commands is that, in case of larger files, the more command displays screenful output at a time.
In more command, the following keys are used vĩ đại scroll the page:
ENTER key: To scroll down page by line.
Space bar: To move vĩ đại the next page.
b key: To move vĩ đại the previous page.
/ key: To tìm kiếm the string.
Syntax:
Output:
16. less Command
The less command is similar vĩ đại the more command. It also includes some extra features such as 'adjustment in width and height of the terminal.' Comparatively, the more command cuts the output in the width of the terminal.
Syntax:
Output:
Linux User Commands
17. su Command
The su command provides administrative access vĩ đại another user. In other words, it allows access of the Linux shell vĩ đại another user.
Syntax:
Output:
18. id Command
The id command is used vĩ đại display the user ID (UID) and group ID (GID).
Syntax:
Output:
19. useradd Command
The useradd command is used vĩ đại add or remove a user on a Linux server.
Syntax:
Output:
20. passwd Command
The passwd command is used vĩ đại create and change the password for a user.
Syntax:
Output:
21. groupadd Command
The groupadd command is used vĩ đại create a user group.
Syntax:
Output:
Linux Filter Commands
22. cát Command
The cát command is also used as a filter. To filter a tệp tin, it is used inside pipes.
Syntax:
Output:
23. cut Command
The cut command is used vĩ đại select a specific column of a tệp tin. The '-d' option is used as a delimiter, and it can be a space (' '), a slash (/), a hyphen (-), or anything else. And, the '-f' option is used vĩ đại specify a column number.
Syntax:
Output:
24. grep Command
The grep is the most powerful and used filter in a Linux system. The 'grep' stands for "global regular expression print." It is useful for searching the nội dung from a tệp tin. Generally, it is used with the pipe.
Syntax:
Output:
25. comm Command
The 'comm' command is used vĩ đại compare two files or streams. By mặc định, it displays three columns, first displays non-matching items of the first tệp tin, second indicates the non-matching item of the second tệp tin, and the third column displays the matching items of both files.
Syntax:
Output:
26. sed command
The sed command is also known as stream editor. It is used vĩ đại edit files using a regular expression. It does not permanently edit files; instead, the edited nội dung remains only on display. It does not affect the actual tệp tin.
Syntax:
Output:
27. tee command
The tee command is quite similar vĩ đại the cát command. The only difference between both filters is that it puts standard input on standard output and also write them into a tệp tin.
Syntax:
Output:
28. tr Command
The tr command is used vĩ đại translate the tệp tin nội dung lượt thích from lower case vĩ đại upper case.
Syntax:
Output:
29. uniq Command
The uniq command is used vĩ đại sườn a sorted list in which every word will occur only once.
Syntax:
Output:
30. wc Command
The wc command is used vĩ đại count the lines, words, and characters in a tệp tin.
Syntax:
Output:
31. od Command
The od command is used vĩ đại display the nội dung of a tệp tin in different s, such as hexadecimal, octal, and ASCII characters.
Syntax:
Output:
32. sort Command
The sort command is used vĩ đại sort files in alphabetical order.
Syntax:
Output:
33. gzip Command
The gzip command is used vĩ đại truncate the tệp tin size. It is a compressing tool. It replaces the original tệp tin by the compressed tệp tin having '.gz' extension.
Syntax:
Output:
34. gunzip Command
The gunzip command is used vĩ đại decompress a tệp tin. It is a reverse operation of gzip command.
Syntax:
Output:
Linux Utility Commands
35. find Command
The find command is used vĩ đại find a particular tệp tin within a directory. It also supports various options vĩ đại find a tệp tin such as byname, by type, by date, and more.
The following symbols are used after the find command:
(.) : For current directory name
(/) : For root
Syntax:
Output:
36. locate Command
The locate command is used vĩ đại tìm kiếm a tệp tin by tệp tin name. It is quite similar vĩ đại find command; the difference is that it is a background process. It searches the tệp tin in the database, whereas the find command searches in the tệp tin system. It is faster than thở the find command. To find the tệp tin with the locates command, keep your database updated.
Syntax:
Output:
37. date Command
The date command is used vĩ đại display date, time, time zone, and more.
Syntax:
Output:
38. cal Command
The cal command is used vĩ đại display the current month's calendar with the current date highlighted.
Syntax:
Output:
39. sleep Command
The sleep command is used vĩ đại hold the terminal by the specified amount of time. By mặc định, it takes time in seconds.
Syntax:
Output:
40. time Command
The time command is used vĩ đại display the time vĩ đại execute a command.
Syntax:
Output:
41. zcat Command
The zcat command is used vĩ đại display the compressed files.
Syntax:
Output:
42. df Command
The df command is used vĩ đại display the disk space used in the tệp tin system. It displays the output as in the number of used blocks, available blocks, and the mounted directory.
Syntax:
Output:
43. mount Command
The mount command is used vĩ đại connect an external device tệp tin system vĩ đại the system's tệp tin system.
Syntax:
Output:
44. exit Command
Linux exit command is used vĩ đại exit from the current shell. It takes a parameter as a number and exits the shell with a return of status number.
Syntax:
Output:
After pressing the ENTER key, it will exit the terminal.
45. clear Command
Linux clear command is used vĩ đại clear the terminal screen.
Syntax:
Output:
After pressing the ENTER key, it will clear the terminal screen.
Linux Networking Commands
46. ip Command
Linux ip command is an updated version of the ipconfig command. It is used vĩ đại assign an IP address, initialize an interface, disable an interface.
Syntax:
Output:
47. ssh Command
Linux ssh command is used vĩ đại create a remote connection through the ssh protocol.
Syntax:
48. mail Command
The mail command is used vĩ đại send emails from the command line.
Syntax:
Output:
49. ping Command
The ping command is used vĩ đại kiểm tra the connectivity between two nodes, that is whether the server is connected. It is a short sườn of "Packet Internet Groper."
Syntax:
Output:
50. host Command
The host command is used vĩ đại display the IP address for a given domain name name and vice versa. It performs the DNS lookups for the DNS Query.
Syntax:
Output:
